A significant share of translation problems arise in the source text and can be solved there. Controlled language is the writing of the text to defined rules from the outset: short sentences, a limited vocabulary, consistent structures. This discipline improves both the translation and the original text.
Definition
Controlled language is the writing of the source text to rules that have been defined in advance. The rules are in writing. Their application is monitored.
Its purpose
The purpose is to reduce ambiguity and increase consistency. Both the reader and the translation gain. The benefit runs both ways.
The sentence length rule
Sentences do not exceed a certain length. A short sentence carries less ambiguity. The rule can be measured.
The single meaning rule
A word is used in one single meaning throughout the text. Use in several meanings is forbidden. Consistency is ensured.
Limited vocabulary
An approved word list is defined and is not departed from. Synonyms are eliminated. The list is maintained.
Structural rules
Certain sentence structures are preferred and complex constructions are avoided. The structure becomes predictable. Translation becomes easier.
The ban on unclear references
Explicit nouns are used instead of pronouns. Ambiguity of reference disappears. The rule is simple but effective.
Negation rules
Double negatives and indirect expressions are avoided. The meaning is given directly. Reading becomes easier.
Effect on the repetition rate
Consistent structures raise translation memory matches. The gain can be measured. The cost falls.
Effect on machine translation
In texts written in controlled language, automatic output improves markedly. The post-editing effort decreases. The difference is measured.
The sectors in which it is used
It is widespread in aviation, the automotive sector and technical documentation. It is valuable in safety texts. The use is established.
Unsuitable texts
Controlled language is not suitable for creative and promotional texts. The rules restrict expression. The distinction is made.
Author training
Applying the rules requires author training. Application without training does not hold. The investment is planned.
Checking tools
Compliance with the rules can be scanned by software. The scan lists the breaches. Application becomes easier.
The number of rules
Too many rules block the author and become unworkable. A small number of effective rules is chosen. A balance is struck.
Relationship with pre-editing
If controlled language has been applied, there is no need for pre-editing. The problem has been solved at its source. The order is right.
How it differs from plain language
Plain language aims at comprehensibility for the reader, controlled language at compliance with rules. The two may overlap but are not the same. The distinction is preserved.
Contribution of the translation side
The translation team reports which structures produce problems, and the rules develop accordingly. A feedback loop is set up. Cooperation gains value.
The corporate gain
Controlled language does not only lower the cost of translation; it also makes the original texts more understandable. The gain runs both ways and accumulates over time. The investment is lasting.
What it is confused with
Controlled language is often taken to be a restriction that impoverishes the text. Yet its purpose is not to weaken expression but to remove ambiguity; well-defined rules make the text both more understandable and cheaper to translate.